Introduction Lake Manzala, in northern Egypt, has long served as a natural buffer and biodiversity hotspot along the Mediterranean. Historically covering 1,709 km², it has shrunk due to land encroachment, aquaculture, and untreated wastewater. In 2017, dredging began to remove …
Geography as an optional subject for the UPSC civil services exam is popular because it offers a logical and analytical approach, overlaps with General Studies (GS) papers, and has a static syllabus. Additionally, it’s considered a scoring subject, with many successful candidates, …

