- 20 Sections
- 136 Lessons
- 22 Weeks
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- Unit VI - Paper I - Section B - Human Geography - Perspectives in Human GeographyPhysical geography26
- 1.1Introduction to Geography Optional Foundation 2026
- 1.21. Introduction to Human Geography & Ancient Classical Geography
- 1.3Assignment 1: Perspective 1
- 1.42. The Classical Debates : Paradigms, Paradigm Shift, Determinism & Possibilism,
- 1.5Assignment 2: Perspective
- 1.63. Areal Differentiation & Regional Synthesis
- 1.7Assignment 3: Perspective
- 1.84. Quantitative Revolution (QR) & Locational Analysis
- 1.9Assignment 4: Perspective
- 1.105. Behavioral Approach in Geography
- 1.11Assignment 5: Perspective
- 1.126. Humanist Approach in Geography
- 1.13Assignment 6: Perspective
- 1.147. Radical, Marxist and Functionalist Approach in Geography
- 1.15Assignment 7: Perspective
- 1.168. Welfare Approach in Geography
- 1.17Assignment 8: Perspective
- 1.189. Environmentalism in Geography
- 1.19Assignment 9: Perspective
- 1.2010. Religion, Secularisation and Language in Geography
- 1.21Assignment 10: Perspective
- 1.2211. Cultural Regions in the World
- 1.23Assignment 11: Perspective
- 1.2412. Human Development Index
- 1.25Assignment 12: Perspective
- 1.271.Test Perspectives in Human Geography
- Unit VII - Paper I - Section B - Human Geography - Economic GeographyEconomic Geography16
- 2.113. World Economic Development: Measurement, Paradigms & Regional Disparities
- 2.2Assignment 13: Economic Geography
- 2.314. World Resources: Classification, Non-Renewable Energy & Mineral Distribution
- 2.4Assignment 14: Economic Geography
- 2.515. Energy Crisis: Causes, Effects, Solutions & Hubbert’s Peak
- 2.6Assignment 15: Economic Geography
- 2.716. Limits to Growth: Concept, Criticism & Conclusions
- 2.8Assignment 16: Economic Geography
- 2.917. World Agriculture: Typology, Factors & Whittlesey’s Agricultural Regions
- 2.10Assignment 17: Economic Geography
- 2.1118. Agricultural Inputs, Productivity & Von Thunen’s Model
- 2.12Assignment 18: Economic Geography
- 2.1319. Food Security, Global Hunger Index & Famines
- 2.14Assignment 19: Economic Geography
- 2.1520. World Industries: Webber’s Theory, Location Patterns & Trade
- 2.16Assignment 20: Economic Geography
- Unit VIII - Paper I - Section B - Human Geography - Population and Settlement GeographyIndian Geography36
- 3.121. Population Distribution & Growth: World & Indian Patterns
- 3.2Assignment 21: Population and Settlement Geography
- 3.322. Theories of Population Growth: Malthusian, Marxist & Neo-Marxian
- 3.4Assignment 22: Population and Settlement Geography
- 3.523. Demographic Transition Model: Stages & India’s Position
- 3.6Assignment 23: Population and Settlement Geography
- 3.724. Demographic Attributes: Fertility & Mortality Determinants
- 3.8Assignment 24: Population and Settlement Geography
- 3.925. Migration: Types, Theories (Ravenstein, Lee, Zipf) & Causes
- 3.10Assignment 25: Population and Settlement Geography
- 3.1126. Consequences of Migration & Concepts of Population (Over, Under, Optimum)
- 3.12Assignment 26: Population and Settlement Geography
- 3.1327. World Population Problems & Policies
- 3.14Assignment 27: Population and Settlement Geography
- 3.1528. Social Well-being, Quality of Life & Population as Social Capital
- 3.16Assignment 28: Population and Settlement Geography
- 3.1729. Diversity in India: Racial, Linguistic, Ethnic & Religious Minorities
- 3.18Assignment 29: Population and Settlement Geography
- 3.1930. Tribes in India: Characteristics, Major Tribes & PVTGs
- 3.20Assignment 30: Population and Settlement Geography
- 3.2131. Rural Settlements: Types, Patterns, Morphology & Factors
- 3.22Assignment 31: Population and Settlement Geography
- 3.2332. Environmental Issues in Rural Settlements
- 3.24Assignment 32: Population and Settlement Geography
- 3.2533. Urban Settlement Hierarchy & Rank Size Rule
- 3.26Assignment 33: Population and Settlement Geography
- 3.2734. Primate Cities & Functional Classification of Towns
- 3.28Assignment 34: Population and Settlement Geography
- 3.2935. Rural-Urban Fringe & Satellite Towns
- 3.30Assignment 35: Population and Settlement Geography
- 3.3136. Classification & Morphology of Urban Areas
- 3.32Assignment 36: Population and Settlement Geography
- 3.3337. Central Place Theory: Christaller & Losch Models
- 3.34Assignment 37: Population and Settlement Geography
- 3.3538. Conurbation, Urban Sprawl, Agglomeration & Slums
- 3.36Assignment 38: Population and Settlement Geography
- Unit IX - Paper I - Section B - Human Geography - Regional PlanningRegional Planning14
- 4.139. Concept of Region: Attributes, Structure & Classification
- 4.2Assignment 39: Regional Planning
- 4.340. Growth Centres, Growth Poles
- 4.4Assignment 40: Regional Planning
- 4.541. Regional Imbalance, Regional development strategies;
- 4.6Assignment 41: Regional Planning
- 4.742. Environmental issues in regional planning; Planning for sustainable development
- 4.8Assignment 42: Regional Planning
- 4.943. Regional Development Strategies & Historical Background
- 4.10Assignment 43: Regional Planning
- 4.1144. IRDP, CAD & Water Management Programmes
- 4.12Assignment 44: Regional Planning
- 4.1345. Backward Area Development: Drought-Prone, Hill & Tribal Areas, Development of Islands in India
- 4.14Assignment 45: Regional Planning
- Unit X - Paper I - Section B - Human Geography - Models, Theories and Laws in Human geographyModels, Theories and Laws in Human geography18
- 5.146. System analysis in Human geography
- 5.2Assignment 46: Models, Theories and Laws
- 5.347. Malthusian, Marxian and demographic transition models;
- 5.4Assignment 47: Models, Theories and Laws
- 5.548. Central Place theories of Christaller and Losch
- 5.6Assignment 48: Models, Theories and Laws
- 5.749. Perroux and Boudeville
- 5.8Assignment 49: Models, Theories and Laws
- 5.950. Von Thunen’s model of agricultural location
- 5.10Assignment 50: Models, Theories and Laws
- 5.1151. Weber’s model of industrial location
- 5.12Assignment 51: Models, Theories and Laws
- 5.1352. Ostov’s model of stages of growth
- 5.14Assignment 52: Models, Theories and Laws
- 5.1553. Heartland and Rimland theories
- 5.16Assignment 53: Models, Theories and Laws
- 5.1754. Laws of international boundaries and frontiers
- 5.18Assignment 54: Models, Theories and Laws
- Unit I - Paper I - Section A - Physical Geography - GeomorphologyPhysical Geography - Geomorphology38
- 6.155. Factors Controlling Landform Development: Structure, Process, Time & Geomorphological Theories
- 6.2Assignment 55: Geomorphology
- 6.356. Endogenetic Forces: Diastrophism; Orogenetic & Epeirogenetic; Catastrophism
- 6.4Assignment 56: Geomorphology
- 6.557. Exogenetic Forces: Weathering (Physical, Chemical, Biological) & Mass Movement
- 6.6Assignment 57: Geomorphology
- 6.758. Origin & Evolution of Earth’s Crust: Nebular Hypothesis, Big Bang & Earth Evolution
- 6.8Assignment 58: Geomorphology
- 6.959. Geomagnetism: Magnetic Poles, Reversals, Sunspot & Dynamo Theory
- 6.10Assignment 59: Geomorphology
- 6.1160. Physical Conditions of Earth’s Interior: Sources, Evidences & Layers
- 6.12Assignment 60: Geomorphology
- 6.1361. Geosynclines: Theories (Kober, Hall, Dana, Haug) & Modern Concepts
- 6.14Assignment 61: Geomorphology
- 6.1562. Continental Drift: Taylor, Wegener, Sea Floor Spreading & Post-Drift Studies
- 6.16Assignment 62: Geomorphology
- 6.1763. Isostasy: Concepts of Airy, Pratt, Hayford, Bowie, Jolly & Holmes
- 6.18Assignment 63: Geomorphology
- 6.1964. Plate Tectonics: Plate Concepts, Motion, Causes & Evidences
- 6.20Assignment 64: Geomorphology
- 6.2165. Plate Tectonics & Mountain Building, Volcanism & Earthquakes
- 6.22Assignment 65: Geomorphology
- 6.2366. Volcanicity: Types, Classification, Landforms & World Distribution
- 6.24Assignment 66: Geomorphology
- 6.2567. Earthquakes & Tsunamis: Plate Tectonics, Distribution & Tsunami Generation
- 6.26Assignment 67: Geomorphology
- 6.2768. Geomorphic Cycles: Uniformitarianism & Davisian Cycle of Erosion
- 6.28Assignment 68: Geomorphology
- 6.2969. Landscape Development Theories: Cyclic (Davis, Penck, Gilbert, King) & Non-Cyclic Schools
- 6.30Assignment 69: Geomorphology
- 6.3170. Denudation Chronology: Principles, Evidences & Modern Concepts
- 6.32Assignment 70: Geomorphology
- 6.3371. Channel Morphology: Classification, Hydraulic Geometry & Channel Stability
- 6.34Assignment 71: Geomorphology
- 6.3572. Erosion Surfaces & Landforms: Karst, Fluvial, Aeolian, Coastal & Glacial
- 6.36Assignment 72: Geomorphology
- 6.3773. Slope Development & Applied Geomorphology: Planning, Hazards & Environment
- 6.38Assignment 73: Geomorphology
- Unit II - Paper I - Section A - Physical Geography - ClimatologyClimatology24
- 7.174. Atmospheric Composition, Structure & Gaia’s Hypothesis
- 7.2Assignment 74: Climatology
- 7.375. Temperature & Pressure Belts: Distribution & Seasonal Variations
- 7.4Assignment 75: Climatology
- 7.576. Heat Budget of Earth & Atmospheric Circulation: Tri-Cellular Model
- 7.6Assignment 76: Climatology
- 7.777. Atmospheric Stability, Instability & Temperature Inversion
- 7.8Assignment 77: Climatology
- 7.978. Planetary, Local & Seasonal Winds
- 7.10Assignment 78: Climatology
- 7.1179. Monsoons & Jet Streams: Mechanism, Types & Indian Climate
- 7.12Assignment 79: Climatology
- 7.1380. Air Masses & Fronts: Classification, Modification & Types
- 7.14Assignment 80: Climatology
- 7.1581. Temperate & Tropical Cyclones: Origin, Structure & Distribution
- 7.16Assignment 81: Climatology
- 7.1782. Thunderstorms, Tornadoes, Cloud Bursts & Water Spouts
- 7.18Assignment 82: Climatology
- 7.1983. Precipitation: Types, Distribution, Humidity, Fog & Clouds
- 7.20Assignment 83: Climatology
- 7.2184. Climatic Classification: Koppen, Thornthwaite & Trewartha
- 7.22Assignment 84: Climatology
- 7.2385. Hydrological Cycle, Global Climatic Change & Applied Climatology
- 7.24Assignment 85: Climatology
- Unit III - Paper I - Section A - Physical Geography - OceanographyOceanography18
- 8.186. Ocean Floor Mapping: Techniques, Hypsographic Curve & Marine Morphology
- 8.2Assignment 86: Oceanography
- 8.387. Bottom Topography of Atlantic, Pacific & Indian Oceans
- 8.4Assignment 87: Oceanography
- 8.588. Ocean Temperature & Salinity: Distribution & TS Curve
- 8.6Assignment 88: Oceanography
- 8.789. Heat Budget, Salt Budget & Ocean Deposits
- 8.8Assignment 89: Oceanography
- 8.990. Ocean Currents: Classification, Ekman Spiral & Deep Currents
- 8.10Assignment 90: Oceanography
- 8.1191. Oceanic Waves & Tides: Types, Theories & Variability
- 8.12Assignment 91: Oceanography
- 8.1392. Marine Resources: Biotic, Mineral & Energy Resources
- 8.14Assignment 92: Oceanography
- 8.1593. Coral Reefs: Types, Formation Theories, Bleaching & Conservation
- 8.16Assignment 93: Oceanography
- 8.1794. Sea Level Changes, UNCLOS & Marine Pollution
- 8.18Assignment 94: Oceanography
- Unit IV - Paper I - Section A - Physical Geography - BiogeographyBiogeography10
- 9.195. Genesis of Soils: Factors, Pedogenic Regime & Soil Classification
- 9.2Assignment 95: Biogeography
- 9.396. Soil Profile, Erosion, Degradation & Conservation Practices
- 9.4Assignment 96: Biogeography
- 9.597. Distribution of Plants & Animals: Factors, Biomes & Biogeographic Regions
- 9.6Assignment 97: Biogeography
- 9.798. Biological Phenomena: Speciation, Extinction & Dispersal
- 9.8Assignment 98: Biogeography
- 9.999. Deforestation, Conservation, Social & Agro-forestry; Gene Pool Centres
- 9.10Assignment 99: Biogeography
- Unit V - Paper I - Section A - Physical Geography - Environmental GeographyEnvironmental Geography10
- 10.1100. Principles of Ecology & Human Ecological Adaptations
- 10.2Assignment 100: Environmental Geography
- 10.3101. Anthropocene: Influence of Man on Ecology & Environment
- 10.4Assignment 101: Environmental Geography
- 10.5102. Global Ecological Changes & Ecosystem Management
- 10.6Assignment 102: Environmental Geography
- 10.7103. Environmental Degradation, Biodiversity & Sustainable Development
- 10.8Assignment 103: Environmental Geography
- 10.9104. Environmental Policy, Hazards, Legislation & Education
- 10.10Assignment 104: Environmental Geography
- Unit I - Paper II - Indian Geography - PHYSICAL SETTINGSPHYSICAL SETTINGS10
- 11.1105. Structure & Relief of India: Rock Systems & Land Diversities
- 11.2Assignment 105: Physical Settings – Paper II
- 11.3106. Space Relationship with Neighbours & Physiographic Regions
- 11.4Assignment 106: Physical Settings – Paper II
- 11.5107. Himalayas, Northern Plains & Peninsular Plateau
- 11.6Assignment 107: Physical Settings – Paper II
- 11.7108. Indian Monsoon Mechanism: Theories, Seasons & Rainfall Patterns
- 11.8Assignment 108: Physical Settings – Paper II
- 11.9109. Drainage Systems, Watersheds, Climatic Regions & Natural Vegetation
- 11.10Assignment 109: Physical Settings – Paper II
- Unit II - Paper II - Indian Geography - RESOURCESRESOURCES6
- 12.1110. Land, Water, Energy & Mineral Resources of India
- 12.2Assignment 110: RESOURCES – Paper II
- 12.3111. Forest & Wildlife Resources: Conservation Strategies
- 12.4Assignment 111: RESOURCES – Paper II
- 12.5112. Energy Crisis: Variations & Geopolitics of Energy
- 12.6Assignment 112: RESOURCES – Paper II
- Unit III - Paper II - Indian Geography - AGRICULTUREIndian Geography - AGRICULTURE8
- 13.1113. Agricultural Infrastructure: Irrigation, Seeds, Fertilizers & Power
- 13.2Assignment 113: AGRICULTURE – Paper II
- 13.3114. Land Holdings, Land Tenure & Land Reforms in India
- 13.4Assignment 114: AGRICULTURE – Paper II
- 13.5115. Cropping Patterns, Productivity, Intensity & Crop Combinations
- 13.6Assignment 115: AGRICULTURE – Paper II
- 13.7116. Green Revolution, White Revolution & Sustainable Agriculture
- 13.8Assignment 116: AGRICULTURE – Paper II
- Unit IV - Paper II - Indian Geography - INDUSTRYINDUSTRY6
- 14.1117. Industrial Evolution: Locational Factors & Types of Industries
- 14.2Assignment 117: INDUSTRY – Paper II
- 14.3118. Major Industries: Cotton, Jute, Iron & Steel, Aluminum, Fertilizer
- 14.4Assignment 118: INDUSTRY – Paper II
- 14.5119. Industrial Policy, SEZs, Multinationals & Tourism
- 14.6Assignment 119: INDUSTRY – Paper II
- Unit V - Paper II - Indian Geography - TRANSPORT, COMMUNICATION & TRADETRANSPORT, COMMUNICATION & TRADE4
- Unit VI - Paper II - Indian Geography - CULTURAL SETTINGCULTURAL SETTING6
- 16.1122. Historical Perspective: Racial, Linguistic, Ethnic & Religious Diversity
- 16.2Assignment 122: CULTURAL SETTING – Paper II
- 16.3123. Population: Growth, Distribution, Density & Demographic Attributes
- 16.4Assignment 123: CULTURAL SETTING – Paper II
- 16.5124. Migration, Population Problems, Policies & Health Indicators
- 16.6Assignment 124: CULTURAL SETTING – Paper II
- Unit VII - Paper II - Indian Geography - SETTLEMENTSSETTLEMENTS6
- 17.1125. Rural Settlements: Types, Patterns & Morphology in India
- 17.2Assignment 125: SETTLEMENTS – Paper II
- 17.3126. Urban Development: Morphology & Functional Classification of Cities
- 17.4Assignment 126: SETTLEMENTS – Paper II
- 17.5127. Conurbations, Urban Sprawl, Slums & Town Planning
- 17.6Assignment 127: SETTLEMENTS – Paper II
- Unit VIII - Paper II - Indian Geography - REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT & PLANNINGREGIONAL DEVELOPMENT & PLANNING6
- 18.1128. Regional Planning Experience: Five Year Plans & IRDP
- 18.2Assignment 128: REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT & PLANNING – Paper II
- 18.3129. Panchayati Raj, Command Area Development & Watershed Management
- 18.4Assignment 129: REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT & PLANNING – Paper II
- 18.5130. Multi-Level Planning: Backward, Drought, Hill & Tribal Areas
- 18.6Assignment 130: REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT & PLANNING – Paper II
- Unit IX - Paper II - Indian Geography - POLITICAL ASPECTSPOLITICAL ASPECTS6
- 19.1131. Indian Federalism: State Reorganization & Emergence of New States
- 19.2Assignment 131: POLITICAL ASPECTS- Paper II
- 19.3132. Regional Consciousness & Inter-State Issues
- 19.4Assignment 132: POLITICAL ASPECTS- Paper II
- 19.5133. International Boundaries: Issues, Cross-Border Terrorism & Geopolitics
- 19.6Assignment 133: POLITICAL ASPECTS- Paper II
- Unit X - Paper II - Indian Geography - CONTEMPORARY ISSUESCONTEMPORARY ISSUES4
2. The Classical Debates : Paradigms, Paradigm Shift, Determinism & Possibilism,
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