Q. Give a geographical explanation of the distribution of off-shore oil reserves of the world. How are they different from the on-shore occurrences of oil reserves? GS1 UPSC 2026

Case Study 1: Rural-Urban Fringe Expansion – Raipur, India Theories and Perspectives Applied to Rural-Urban Fringe: Models/Theories/Laws Applied: Recent Data: Spatial Variation: Temporal Variation: Source: Insight: Raipur’s rural-urban fringe expansion validates Core-Periphery Theory, emphasizing the role of urbanization in transforming …