Answer: Introduction Developed by Sir Halford Mackinder in 1904 through his seminal essay, The Geographical Pivot of History, the Heartland theory posits that control of the vast Eurasian landmass—the so-called “Heartland”—equates to global dominance. Mackinder famously stated, “Who rules East …
Answer: The physical view of geographical space—seeing space as a measurable, tangible, and quantifiable entity—has fundamentally shaped the development of spatial analysis in geography. This perspective treats geographic space as an arena defined by physical properties, such as distance, area, …
Answer: Introduction Urbanization in Asia and Africa has accelerated rapidly over the past few decades. While cities across these continents act as centers for economic growth and opportunities, the rapid influx of migrants from rural areas has often outpaced the …
Answer: Introduction Walt Rostow’s model, presented in his 1960 work The Stages of Economic Growth: A Non-Communist Manifesto, outlines a linear and sequential process through which economies transition from traditional, agrarian systems to modern, high-consumption societies. Although developed during the …
Answer: Introduction The Behavioral Approach in human geography revolutionized the study of spatial phenomena by centering on human cognition, decision-making, and subjective experiences. In doing so, it challenged earlier frameworks—most notably, the dominant positivist paradigm—which focused exclusively on observable and …
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