Understanding the science, risk and impact through the lens of plate tectonics A powerful offshore earthquake late on 8 December 2025 (local time) off Japan’s northeastern coast triggered tsunami warnings that remained a major concern into 9 December 2025. The …
Introduction The statement “The Himalaya is still rising” encapsulates one of Earth’s most dramatic ongoing geological phenomena—the Himalayan mountain range, at approximately fifty million years into its existence as a continental collision zone, continues to rise at rates exceeding one …
Case Study 1: Recent Views on Mountain Building – Himalayas and Andes Models/Theories/Laws: Recent Data: Spatial Variation: Temporal Variation: Source: Insight: Modern mountain-building theories validate plate tectonics and geosynclinal models, with real-time uplift observed in the Himalayas and Andes.
Case Study 1: Gondwana Breakup and the Indian Plate Drift Case Study 2: Atlantic Ocean Formation and Drift of South America and Africa