Context This case study examines the unequal geography of climate finance, where developed countries mobilised $136.7 billion in 2024 but low-income countries received only 7%. The OECD also notes that adaptation finance reached just $34.7 billion in 2024, so the …
1. Context India’s food system is facing a dual burden of malnutrition, rising obesity, hidden hunger, and environmental stress. Malthusian pressure is visible in the mismatch between population growth, dietary demand, and resource quality, while uneven food access shows the …
Context The UN’s Global Status Report for Buildings and Construction 2025–26 shows that global building floor space expanded by about 20% between 2015 and 2024, while energy demand rose by only 11%, indicating that efficiency gains and stricter building codes have moderated …
Context Yakten in Pakyong district, Sikkim, offers a timely case of climate-smart water planning in a Himalayan village facing rising tourism, variable rainfall, and spring stress. Its move toward AI-assisted citizen science and hydrological mapping shows how a small settlement …
Context A recent geophysical study has identified a buried palaeo-channel between Prayagraj and Kanpur, revived debate on the Saraswati question, and highlighted the water-security value of ancient river systems. The channel is reported to be about 200 km long, 4–5 …
A 51-year district-level study across India found that a 1°C rise in temperature reduces national average crop yields by about 7.8%, while a 20% rainfall deficit cuts yields by 8.2%; the study covered 563 districts and 10 major crops, with …
By Krishna Gupta 1. Context UNEP’s MARS expansion (May 2026) identifies Kanjurmarg landfill (Mumbai) as a global top-3 methane super-emitter, with India hosting 2/25 largest sites. 22/50 top emitters are coal mines/waste facilities, linking urban waste geography to climate forcing …
Case Study 1: The McMahon Line – India-China Border Dispute Theories and Perspectives Applied to International Boundaries: Models/Theories/Laws Applied: Recent Data: Spatial Variation: Temporal Variation: Source: Insight: The India-China border dispute validates Uti Possidetis Juris, emphasizing the role of colonial …
Case Study 1: Russia’s Strategic Position in Eurasia Theories and Perspectives Applied to Heartland Theory: Models/Theories/Laws Applied: Recent Data: Spatial Variation: Temporal Variation: Source: Insight: Russia’s geopolitical strategy validates Heartland Theory, emphasizing the role of Eurasian control in shaping global …
Case Study 1: South Korea’s Economic Growth Theories and Perspectives Applied to Growth Stages: Models/Theories/Laws Applied: Recent Data: Spatial Variation: Temporal Variation: Insight: South Korea’s economic transformation validates Rostow’s Model, emphasizing the role of industrialization in driving national development. Case …
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